KG Paper

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વાત્સલ્ય વિદ્યામંદિર - મોરબી

વાર્ષિક પરીક્ષા :- ૨૦૨૬ - ૨૭

તારીખ :- ........................

ધોરણ :- LKG

વિષય :- અંગ્રેજી

કુલ ગુણ :- ૪૦

વિદ્યાર્થી નું નામ :- ........................................................................................

પ્ર-1: A to L માંથી નીચે આપેલ આલ્ફાબેટ લખો. [05]

A

C

E

G

H

પ્ર-2: સરખા લેટર જોડો. [05]

D

H

J

L

B

J

D

H

B

L

પ્ર-3: ચિત્ર ગણી સાચા નંબર સાથે જોડો. [05]

🥭 🥭 🥭

1

✏️ ✏️

3

🍎

4

⚽ ⚽ ⚽ ⚽ ⚽ ⚽

2

🍃 🍃 🍃 🍃

6

પ્ર-4: અલગ પડતા આલ્ફાબેટ પર X કરો. [05]

D B B B

C C D C

G G G H

E F E E

J J J I

પ્ર-5: ચિત્ર ઓળખી લેટર લખો. [05]

🧢

🐟

🏠

🪁

પ્ર-6: ચિત્ર ઓળખી તેના પ્રથમ લેટર સાથે જોડો. [04]

🔫

🪁

🦆

🍦

D

I

G

K

પ્ર-7: 1 to 10 માંથી નીચે આપેલ નંબર જોઈને લખો. [04]

7

1

6

9

પ્ર-8: પાછળ નો લેટર લખો. [04]

B

E

H

J

પ્ર-9: લેટર ઓળખી તેના ચિત્ર પર O કરો. [04]

F

🐄 👂 🪭

E

👂 🚪

G

⛺ 🔫

B

⚽ 🐈

```

BBA :- Features of Management

1.  Management is goal oriented process:

Management always aims at achieving the organisational objectives. The functions and activities of manager lead to the achievement of organisational objectives; for example, if the objective of a company is to sell 1000 computers then manager will plan the course of action, motivate all the employees and organise all the resources keeping in mind the main target of selling 1000 computers.

2.  Management is Pervasive:

Management is a universal phenomenon. The use of management is not restricted to business firms only it is applicable in profit-making, non-profit-making, business or non-business organisations; even a hospital, school, club and house has to be managed properly. Concept of management is used in the whole world whether it is USA, UK or India.

3.  Management is Multidimensional:

Management does not mean one single activity but it includes three main activities:- Management of work, Management of people, Management of operations.

(a) Management of work:

All organisations are set up to perform some task or goal. Management activities aim at achieving goals or tasks to be accomplished. The task or work depends upon the nature of Business for example, work to be accomplished in a school is providing education, in hospital is to treat patient, in industry to manufacture some product. Management makes sure that work is accomplished effectively and efficiently.

(b) Management of people:

People refer to Human resources and Human resources are the most important assets of an organisation. An organisation can win over competitor with efficient employees only because two organisations can have same physical, technological and financial resources but not human resources. Management has to get task accomplished through people only.  Managing people has two dimensions: (i) Taking care of employee’s individual needs (ii) Taking care of group of people

(c) Management of operations:

Operations refer to activities of production cycle such as buying inputs, converting them into semi-finished goods, finished goods. Management of operations concentrates on mixing management of work with management of people, i.e., deciding what work has to be done, how it has to be done and who will do it.

 

4.  Management is a continuous process:

 

Management is a continuous or never ending function. All the functions of management are performed continuously, for example planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling are performed by all the managers all the time. Sometimes, they are doing planning, then staffing or organising etc. Managers perform ongoing series of functions continuously in the organisation.

5.  Management is a group activity:

Management always refers to a group of people involved in managerial activities. The management functions cannot be performed in isolation. Each individual performs his/her role at his/her status and department, and then only management function can be executed. Even the result of management affects every individual and every department of the organisation so it always refers to a group effort and not the individual effort of one person.

 

 6.  Management is a dynamic function:

Management has to make changes in goal, objectives and other activities according to changes taking place in the environment. The external environment such as social, economical, technical and political environment has great influence over the management.  As changes take place in these environments, same are implemented in organisation to survive in the competitive world.

7.  Intangible:

Management function cannot be physically seen but its presence can be felt. The presence of management can be felt by seeing the orderliness and coordination in the working environment. It is easier to feel the presence of mismanagement as it leads to chaos and confusion in the organisation.

 

 

8.  Composite process:

Management consists of series of functions which must be performed in a proper sequence. These functions are not independent of each other. They are inter-dependent on each other. As the main functions of management are planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling; organising cannot be done without doing planning, similarly, directing function cannot be executed without staffing and planning and it is difficult to control the activities of employees without knowing the plan. All the functions inter-dependent on each other that is why management is considered as a composite process of all these functions.

BBA :- IMPORTANCE OF MANAGEMENT

        Management plays important role in shaping the culture of an organisation. The performance and survival of business organisation depends on its management.

“Management is the specific organ of the modern institution. It is the organ on the performance of which the performance and the survival of the institution depends.”

The modern society is dependent upon organisations for its survival.

1] Management is goal oriented:-

Management is concern with achievement of specific goals. It is always directed towards achievement of objectives. The success of management is measured by the extent to which objectives are achieved.

2] Management is associated with group efforts:-

The business comes into existence with certain objectives which are to be achieved by a group and not by one person alone. Management gets things done by, with and through the efforts of group members. It co-ordinates the activities and actions of its members towards a common goal.

3] Management is intangible:-

It is an unseen force, its presence can be evidence by the result of its efforts up to date order but they generally remain unnoticed, Where as mismanagement is quickly noticed.

4] Management is an activity and not a person or group of person:-

Management is not people or not a certain class but it is the activity, it is the process of planning, organizing, directing and controlling to achieve the objectives of the organization.

5] Management is situational:-

Management does not advice best way of doing things. Effective management is always situational. A manager has to apply principles, approaches and techniques of management after taking into consideration the existing situations.

6] Management is universal:-

Most of the principles and techniques of management are universal in nature. They can be applied to government organization, military, educational institutes, religious institutes etc. They provide working guidelines which can be adopted according to situations.

7] Management is concern with people:-

Since management involves getting things done through others only human being performed this activity with the help of planning and control. The element man can not be separated from the management.

8] Management is the combination of art, science and profession:-

Management makes use of science as well as art. It is science because it collects knowledge with the methods and data, analyzes and measures it and decision is taken with the help of experiment. It is a systematic body of knowledge. Art means application of knowledge for solving various problems. In modern times there is separation of ownership and management, so professional experts are appointed.

BBA :- Functions of a Management

     At the basic level, management is a regimen that comprises five standard functions, namely, planning, organising, staffing, leading, and controlling. These functions are part of a body of practices and theories that educate on becoming an efficient manager.

Planning

It is the basic function of management. It deals with chalking out a future course of action & deciding in advance the most appropriate course of actions for achievement of pre-determined goals. According to KOONTZ, “Planning is deciding in advance - what to do, when to do & how to do. It bridges the gap from where we are & where we want to be”. A plan is a future course of actions. It is an exercise in problem solving & decision making. Planning is determination of courses of action to achieve desired goals. Thus, planning is a systematic thinking about ways & means for accomplishment of pre-determined goals. Planning is necessary to ensure proper utilization of human & non-human resources. It is all pervasive, it is an intellectual activity and it also helps in avoiding confusion, uncertainties, risks, wastages etc.

Organizing

It is the process of bringing together physical, financial and human resources and developing productive relationship amongst them for achievement of organizational goals. According to Henry Fayol, “To organize a business is to provide it with everything useful or its functioning i.e. raw material, tools, capital and personnel’s”. To organize a business involves determining & providing human and non-human resources to the organizational structure.

Staffing

It is the function of manning the organization structure and keeping it manned. Staffing has assumed greater importance in the recent years due to advancement of technology, increase in size of business, complexity of human behavior etc. The main purpose o staffing is to put right man on right job i.e. square pegs in square holes and round pegs in round holes. According to Kootz & O’Donell, “Managerial function of staffing involves manning the organization structure through proper and effective selection, appraisal & development of personnel to fill the roles designed un the structure

Directing

It is that part of managerial function which actuates the organizational methods to work efficiently for achievement of organizational purposes. It is considered life-spark of the enterprise which sets it in motion the action of people because planning, organizing and staffing are the mere preparations for doing the work. Direction is that inert-personnel aspect of management which deals directly with influencing, guiding, supervising, motivating sub-ordinate for the achievement of organizational goals. 

Controlling

It implies measurement of accomplishment against the standards and correction of deviation if any to ensure achievement of organizational goals. The purpose of controlling is to ensure that everything occurs in conformities with the standards. An efficient system of control helps to predict deviations before they actually occur. According to Theo Haimann, “Controlling is the process of checking whether or not proper progress is being made towards the objectives and goals and acting if necessary, to correct any deviation”. According to Koontz & O’Donell “Controlling is the measurement & correction of performance activities of subordinates in order to make sure that the enterprise objectives and plans desired to obtain them as being accomplished”

 

Communication:-

Communication provides the vital link in any organization. Every successful manager has to develop an effective system of communication. Communication means exchange of facts, ideas and information between two or more person. It helps in building up high moral.

 

Motivation:-

In a well organization unforeseen problems are created. It becomes necessary for the workers to have a leader, to whom they can consult for the guidance. One must help the worker to solve their problems. The manager is the leader for them. So he should accept the problems, should appreciate the workers for the work done by them. He has to act as a well motivation source for he workers.

 

Decision Making:-

It is the process in which a lot of actions are involved and lot of alternatives are available. A manager has to choose right alternative for attainment of his goals. There are many decisions which include marketing decision, cost price decision and capital investment decision.

 

Forecasting:-

Correct sales forecasting is essential for manufacturing organization. This helps in production, by making available right workers and right material at right place and at right time. It also helps manager for purchasing of raw materials, equipments and labours. Many times production is made in advance to meet future demands and forecasting is essential because of short supply of raw material, lack of proper control, to fix up sales targets and to meet future financial needs. It also helps to give ideas about expansion of business; and for giving training to the personnel of the organization.

BBA :- Management as a Process

            As a process, management refers to a series of inter-related functions. It is the process by which management creates, operates and directs purposive organization through systematic, coordinated and co-operated human efforts, according to George R. Terry, “Management is a distinct process consisting of planning, organizing, actuating and controlling, performed to determine and accomplish stated objective by the use of human beings and other resources”. As a process, management consists of three aspects:

Management is a social process -  Since human factor is most important among the other factors, therefore management is concerned with developing relationship among people. It is the duty of management to make interaction between people - productive and useful for obtaining organizational goals.

Management is an integrating process  Management undertakes the job of bringing together human physical and financial resources so as to achieve organizational purpose. Therefore, is an important function to bring harmony between various factors.

Management is a continuous process It is a never ending process. It is concerned with constantly identifying the problem and solving them by taking adequate steps. It is an on-going process.

Management is Highly Aspirational  The achievement of pre-defined objectives is an essential aspect of the management process. It is a medium to accomplish the goals and objectives established well in advance. Without any purpose, there is no rationale for a management process in place. Every activity undertaken by an organisation’s management should be goal-oriented. This achievement of pre-defined goals is a measurement of the success of any organisation’s leadership.

 

Management is Omnipresent :-  In today’s world, management is pervasive. Be it clubs, governments, armies, or business organisations; all require an efficient management system. The basic principles of management apply to all spheres within an organisation. Managers at all levels execute the same essential functions day in and day out. It is this persistent need that makes the management process a universal concept.

 

Management is an Ongoing Process  :- Management is not a one-off affair; rather, it is a continuous exercise. The constant desire to achieve varied organisational goals makes management an ongoing process.

 

Management is Abstract :-  Management is neither visible nor can it be felt in a real sense. One can only observe management’s accomplishments and compare a well-managed organisation with one that has been poorly managed.

 

 

Management is Social in Nature :-  Management is social because it involves interpersonal relations. The human element is the most crucial factor in the management process as it is dictated by contrasting social values and cultures. It is a function that transforms society, preserves the community, and endorses its future interests.

 

Management is Versatile :-  Management deals with human reactions under enterprising conditions. The awareness and the aptitude required for management comes from several disciplines like Sociology, Psychology, Engineering, Economics, Anthropology, Mathematics, etc. It is this aspect that makes managing a multifaceted experience.

 

Management is Conditional :-  There are several ways of doing things. An existing situation determines the most suitable method of performing any task. Sometimes, it may be possible that management is not doing things in the right manner due to the situation. Successful managers should account for these specific situations.

 

Management is a Team Effort :-  An individual’s efforts are harmonised with the team’s efforts. A single individual cannot manage the management function alone. All the managerial activities like the setting of goals, the formation of plans and policies, implementation, and follow-up are the coordinated effort of a group of people who envision an organisation’s future.

 

Management is an Administrative Function :- The administration and management of the activities of people to accomplish predetermined objectives are concerned with the management. Management is also known as an approach through which a human group’s goals are set, defined and achieved.

 

 

 

Std 12 કોમર્સ - BA (આદર્શ પ્રશ્નપત્ર)

નવયુગ કોમર્સ સ્કૂલ વિરપર મોરબી

Std 12 કોમર્સ

વાણિજય વ્યવસ્થા અને સંચાલન

(સમય 3 કલાક) (કુલ ગુણ 100)

વિભાગ A

નીચે આપેલા પ્રશ્ન 1 થી 15 હેતુલક્ષી પ્રકારના છે. આપેલા ચાર વિકલ્પો પૈકી સાચો વિકલ્પ પસંદ કરી ઉત્તર લખો.   (15 ગુણ)

(નીચે આપેલ લિંક ઓપન કરી જવાબ આપો)
https://t.me/c/1391793457/315

વિભાગ B

નીચે આપેલ પ્રશ્નોના એક વાક્યમાં ઉત્તર આપો. (15 ગુણ)

(નીચે આપેલ લિંક ઓપન કરી જવાબ આપો)

https://quizzory.in/id/60790338c11ea41e9a6fa7c8

વિભાગ C

નીચે આપેલા પ્રશ્નોના ટૂંકમાં ઉત્તર આપો. (દરેકના 2 ગુણ - 26 ગુણ)

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6WXVuFiM1VueTAy9HUnUO9da1G3A8wiYOQ8_exmpfDGlsYw/viewform

વિભાગ D

નીચે આપેલા પ્રશ્નોના મુદ્દાસર ઉત્તર આપો. (પ્રત્યેકના 3 ગુણ - 24 ગુણ)

https://quizzory.in/id/607e62100ede445781704a16

વિભાગ E

નીચે આપેલા પ્રશ્નોના વિસ્તાર પૂર્વક ઉત્તર આપો. (પ્રત્યેકના 5 ગુણ - 20 ગુણ)

https://quizzory.in/id/6080ecf41c5e8e082fb38c23

STD 12 GSEB BA material